No, it is a tradition to offer lucky Bamboo (in sets or single stalks) whenever someone gets married, finishes a course, changes jobs, or in moments when you want to wish good luck. This does not mean that if the plant dies or is replaced, we will have bad luck.
This Oriental tradition is based on the beauty and simplicity of Bamboo and not on any other kind of superstition.
Bamboo (which is actually a dracaena) is a rooted cutting and, as such, has a limited but quite long lifespan, though aesthetically it may deteriorate and should then be replaced.